Friday, May 22, 2015
8:30 – 8:45 Welcome, and introductory remarks
8:45 – 9:15 Keynote speech
9:15 – 10:30 Session 1: The medium vs the law: communications sovereignty and technology
In 1932 the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom held that radio broadcasting fell under federal jurisdiction. Sixty-seven years later the CRTC decided that some programs and broadcasts made using the internet also constitute broadcasting, but exempted these from regulation.
How far does Parliament’s jurisdiction extend online? If Parliament decided to consider new communications legislation, should it or could it establish and enforce federal jurisdiction over Internet distribution and programming services used in Canada? Does the medium make the legislation? Should all services that deliver ephemeral content (over the air, by satellite, through cable or by the internet) in Canada be subject to Canadian broadcasting, telecommunications, copyright or criminal law? Should Canadian law be enforced with respect to programming services that earn money from, but are located outside of Canada?
10:30 – 10:45 Refreshments
10:45 – 12:00 Session 2: Window to the world, mirror for ourselves – socio-cultural objectives of contemporary communications legislation
Parliament has required Canadian communications media to reflect could and Canadians in their programming. Are such socio-cultural objectives passé? Should Parliament ensure that broadcasting and telecommunications serve the interests of Canada and Canadians, and if so, which interests?
Are legislative changes needed to meet Canada’s socio-cultural objectives in broadcasting and telecommunications? Would these changes be affected by Canada’s international treaty obligations?
12:00 – 1:00 Lunch
1:00 – 1:30 Afternoon address
1:30 – 3:30 Session 3: The ethics of advocacy in a regulated sector
The CRTC has expanded its efforts to engage the public in discussions about the future of Canada’s communications system. Have these efforts increased public confidence in the CRTC’s administration of its responsibilities under the Broadcasting and Telecommunications Acts? How should legal practitioners manage their duties to advocate, to act in good faith, to maintain confidentiality, and to avoid sharp practice, when practising before a tribunal that is expected to rely heavily on its members’ experiences and expertise?
3:30 – 3:45 Refreshments
3:45 – 5:30 Session 4: Enforcing electronic communications regulation in the 21st century
Canada’s current communications laws do not specifically require the CRTC to put the public interest first in its determinations, and many believe the CRTC is either ineffective, obsolete, or conflicted when required to investigate and sanction licensee non-compliance.
Should Parliament give the CRTC more explicit directions, or expand the federal regulator’s authority? What mechanisms enable Parliament to know that its communications policies are actually enforced? Should the federal government license and set the terms of operation for Canada’s broadcasting, telecommunications and internet companies, and leave enforcement to the CRTC?
Are legislative amendments required to ensure that the regulator makes the public interest its first priority? Why would administrative monetary penalties be more effective than the CRTC’s current powers in implementing Parliament’s objectives? Should the conflict of interest between licensing and regulatory enforcement be removed by creating a separate enforcement body?
Saturday, May 23, 2015
8:30 – 9:00 Keynote speech
9:00 – 10:30 Session 5: Quasi v. judicial – have expectations for fair process changed in the last century
The rules governing CRTC procedures are set out in the CRTC Rules of Practice and Procedure, which came into force in April 2011. Among other things, the new rules reflect contemporary use of technology in terms of filing materials.
The CRTC has also recently increased its outreach to Canadians, using social media to encourage public participation and interaction. Is this enough to maintain or increase meaningful public participation in CRTC proceedings? At the same time, practices common in legal proceedings, such as hearings, cross-examination and the recitation of facts in decisions, have largely fallen into disuse at the CRTC.
If new communications legislation were introduced, should Parliament continue to leave issues about procedural fairness to the CRTC, or should Parliament give the CRTC more detailed guidance about the requirements to make relevant evidence available to those participating in its proceedings, and to give reasons in its policies and decisions?
10:30 – 10:45 Refreshments
10:45 – 12:00 Session 6: It’s our culture, and it’s a job – employment issues in Canada’s communications sector
Parliament expressly refers to broadcasting as a source of employment opportunities, but is silent about the role of telecommunications in employment. More than 170,000 people work for Canadian telecommunications, broadcasting and Internet companies across Canada – although a large number of broadcasting and telecommunications jobs have disappeared in the last twenty years.
Should Parliament encourage employment opportunities in the content and carriage sector, or rely on the market to allocate jobs efficiently? Are legislative amendments required to ensure that Canadians have employment opportunities in the country’s communications media?
12:00 – 1:00 Lunch
1:00 – 1:30 Afternoon address
1:30 – 2:45 Session 7: Democracies and oligopolies – too big to regulate?
Highly concentrated media ownership began to be accepted in Canada in the early 1990s, as a way of strengthening Canadian program production. Today the four largest companies control 80% of the communications system’s total revenues. Yet since the 1990s the level of original broadcast news has decreased, private television broadcasters spend substantially more on foreign than on Canadian programming, and two-thirds of the music played by radio stations is foreign. Do the benefits of concentrated broadcast and telecommunications ownership outweigh its disadvantages, and if not, can Parliament act?
Should Parliament change its statutes to address concentrated media ownership, or leave such questions to the discretion of the CRTC? Is it possible in a ‘too-big-to-fail’ era to regulate highly-concentrated media in the public interest? Would such regulation run counter to Canada’s international trade obligations?
2:45 – 3:00 Refreshments
3:00 – 5:30 Session 8: If we could do it all over again, should we? Lessons from the last 50 years
The CRTC celebrated its 47th birthday this year. Its enabling legislation predates the internet, leading some to argue for legislative change.
Before changing Canada’s communications statutes, what can we learn from the past – and specifically, from those charged with implementing Parliament’s policies? What, if anything, could the CRTC have done differently, and what do those lessons suggest for legislators going forward?